Canadian Passport:

All new Canadian passports are 36-page electronic passports, or ePassports.

The ePassport is an improved travel document and has many advantages:

• It reduces the risk of tampering and identity fraud by adding more layers of identity checks, all of which must match.
• A digital facial image lets facial recognition systems check the identity of the passport holder at the border,if the necessary equipment is in place.
• By having stronger identity checks, ePassports reduce the risk of other countries putting visa requirements on travellers. (Needing a visa can add up to $150 per trip, depending on the country.)
• Canada’s ePassport has digital security features and images that are unique to the Government of Canada. This helps border authorities ensure that the passport is authentic and valid.
When information is first stored on the e-chip in the passport, the e-chip is electronically locked so that your information cannot be tampered with or edited. No additional information about you or your travels will be stored on the e-chip. If your status changes (for example, if you change your name), the information recorded on the chip cannot be updated to reflect this change. You will have to apply for a new passport.

Eligibility requirements for Canadian passports

To apply for a new Canadian passport you must:

• be a Canadian citizen
To renew your Canadian passport, your current passport must:
• be valid or has been expired for no more than one year;
• have the same name, sex, date of birth and place of birth that you would like to appear on your new passport;
• have been issued with a 5-year or 10-year validity;
• not be damaged;
• never have been reported lost or stolen; and
• have been issued when you were at least 16 years of age.
To apply for a passport for a child under 16 years of age, you must be and submit proof that you are:
• one of the child’s parents,
• the custodial parent in the case of separation or divorce, or
• the legal guardian.

See more here